Your Data, Your Rights

The future of what it means to be human

December 18, 2020 Exploring the transformation of value in the digital age By Michael J. Casey Chief Content Officer Your Data, Your Connections, Our Humanity "For the first time in history, privacy and personhood are both mediated digitally … [I]t's really hard to be a person without being digital, without exchanging data, without passing data."   So says tech ethnographer Tricia Wang, the co-founder of Sudden Compass, which works on bringing human insights to big data analytics.    The comment reminds us of what's at stake as we debate the data-monopolizing power of the internet's biggest companies: nothing short of the future of what it means to be human.    For the first time since the "Internet 2.0" era began at the turn of the millennium, the dominant social media, search and e-commerce platforms are facing existential challenges. The disruption could come from legal efforts as anti-monopoly lawsuits evolve in both the U.S. and Europe.  Or it could come via some nascent alternatives to the platforms' centralized model, including from blockchain-inspired startups.    Wang, who joined us on this week's episode of the "Money Reimagined" podcast, says these responses won't lead to a meaningful alternative until we gain a better appreciation of the role data plays in our internet interactions. Data, she says, "is not just information. Data is relationships." The algorithms of Google, Facebook, Amazon and others place the greatest value not in static, simple information points like your name, address and income, but data that reveals your relationships with other people. Their commercial interest in that data creates real tension because, as Wang notes, the story of our social connections is the story of who we are as human beings.   It's why the "if you don't like Facebook, just leave" idea is so naive. All over the world, services like Facebook and WhatsApp are must-have tools. They're how people find jobs, build businesses and stay in touch with their families. People simply can't just get up and leave.   Yet, those same people are caught in a dependency and have almost zero visibility on how their data is used. It creates an unbalanced economic relationship Wang compares to the idea of the 20th century "company town," where employees were housed and fed by their employer but had no idea of the real value of their labor.    The "own your data" movement led by people such as Cambridge Analytica whistleblower Brittany Kaiser is no silver bullet either. Once it's disaggregated from all those connections and human networks, your data alone is not worth very much. A Financial Times calculator put a person's basic data at a price of less than a dollar.    Nonetheless, it's vital to educate ourselves on how we, the people, give up so much in the current relationship.    The imbalance is not just that ad dollars flow to Facebook and Google rather than to the users who generate the content and build the audiences the platforms and their advertisers monetize. It's that, as detailed in Shoshana Zuboff's "The Age of Surveillance Capitalism," we are trapped in an ever-tightening feedback loop in which these companies use our data to modify our behavior. There's a scary Matrix-like aspect to all this.    It's why the other guest on this week's podcast, metaMe CEO Dele Atanda, views his company's work building a more decentralized, blockchain-powered data marketplace as an exercise in protecting people's human rights. Creating that marketplace and figuring out a meaningful expression of the value of people's data is how we will ultimately restore agency over our digital lives, he says. "We need to create a unit of account that we can measure – not just on the basis of size [as bytes] but on the basis of sensitivity, identifiability. These issues are central to how this information can be used to help or harm us," he said.    Also important, Atanda says, is the governance structure of the database storing the information, which speaks to the potential role for blockchain technology. The more "permissionless" and decentralized the architecture behind the data marketplace, the more confident individuals can be that they retain ultimate rights to their data.   All of this seems pertinent in a week in which society was once again found vulnerable to data failures at centralized systems.    Google's servers went down, creating problems for home devices plugged into its network. A hack of a software company SolarWinds compromised numerous U.S. government agencies data. Also, allegations of irregularities of Michigan-based voting machines in the last month's U.S. presidential election helped to further erode trust in the overall electoral system, even though supporters of President Donald Trump failed to substantiate an actual conspiracy in favor of his victorious opponent, Joe Biden.    The reason decentralization is worth considering as a potential solution in all these situations is not because it makes things more efficient. Most often, decentralization makes processes more inefficient. (Note also that Google's systems run remarkably well the bulk of the time.) It's that we must restore people's power over their lives, whether it's in confidently knowing their votes are being accurately counted or that their data is not being sold to and manipulated by the highest bidder.   Decentralized solutions such as blockchains are expensive and complicated. They are definitely not a panacea for the world's ills.    But they do deserve consideration. Humanity is at stake.  Breaking Resistance With bitcoin's spectacular mid-week rally, we were reminded that big round numbers matter to markets. There's nothing innately special about the $20,000 level, but the price action before and after bitcoin broke above it suggests plenty of people did invest some significance into that number.  On two separate occasions earlier in the month, bitcoin made a run at the $20,000 level but failed. The second was when it set a new all-time high of $19,920 on Dec. 1, putting an end to the high set during the last big rally at the end of 2017. It seems investors had left loads of sell orders just below $20,000 and some may have been there for at least three years. Every time buyers pushed it higher, those orders kicked in to prevent a higher move.    But look what happened when those sell orders were eventually exhausted. Once buyers had pushed bitcoin's price through the $20K mark, all that resistance disappeared. A mere 24 hours later it had jumped a whopping $4,000. No doubt sell orders are being placed at levels somewhere up above, but for now bitcoin feels quite unencumbered. The Global Town Hall WHEN THE BILL COMES DUE. When I read about a new study authored by Mario Draghi and Raghuram Rajan on behalf of the Group of 30 Consultative Group predicting a post-COVID "solvency crisis," my first reaction was, "Finally, the powerful are speaking with honesty on the unsustainable stimulus debts governments are racking up." My second reaction was, "Oh, yeah, Draghi (former president of the European Central Bank) and Rajan (former governor of the Reserve Bank of India), are no longer in positions of real power."    The details of the report are illuminating. They make clearer the distinction between the kind of eminent person role Draghi and Rajan now occupy and the significant authority they previously held. As Bloomberg's Paul Gordon writes, "The report acknowledges that its recommendations require 'hard choices' – such as winding down broad aid programs and limiting government support to areas where the market is failing – that could cause a political backlash."    For the last decade, central bankers have been the biggest conduits of "broad aid programs" in the broadest form of all: monetary expansion, even as they called on governments to relieve them of that stimulus responsibility by taking on the more politically challenging exercise of fiscal stimulus. In office, they are circumspect about that criticism. Out of office, they can be more direct.  The biggest takeaway from this report is concern. In an understandable effort to stave off economic ruin, governments have gone heavily into debt and allowed monetary expansion efforts to pump up financial assets, which has maintained the illusion of balance inside financial institutions' and corporations' accounts. The price for all this will need to be paid and it will probably be paid by further deprecation in the value of fiat currencies against other assets. It's the backdrop to the "why bitcoin matters" thesis now being voiced by big shot investors like Guggenheim Partners' chief investment officer Scott Minerd, who on Wednesday pronounced that bitcoin should be worth $400,000. TWO REALITIES. As bitcoin soars and as U.S. stocks continue marching into new record-high territory, the reality is very different from anyone without access to those kinds of assets. As observed by the folks at Upfina, a refreshingly frank economic commentary site, while hedge fund managers and bitcoin HODLers have gotten fabulously rich, 8 million Americans have slipped into poverty since June. In noting that "the main problem is it is expensive to be poor," Upfina drills down into why the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing efforts – buying $120 billion in bonds a month – is helping a privileged class of Americans but doing close to nothing to help the suffering of so many more in this pandemic. It's hard not believe that a major reckoning with monetary policymaking is coming. CoinDesk Year in Review 2020 Bitcoin. DeFi. Ethereum 2.0. The biggest trends in crypto this year began to move the needle in the rest of the world. Multi-billion dollar funds bought bitcoin as an inflation hedge. Institutions began discussing the merits of decentralization. And the banking sector warmed to crypto.    CoinDesk's 2020 Year in Review covers the major events, ideas and themes in crypto, and why they matter. The series is a comprehensive collection of op-eds, essays and interviews from some of the biggest names in crypto, published throughout the month.   Read more on how 2020 was crypto's biggest year yet. Relevant Reads Coinbase, With Bitcoin Soaring, Files in Preparation for Landmark Public Offering. Talk about symbolic timing. After much speculation about going public, Coinbase, the leading cryptocurrency exchange and the first crypto "unicorn," announced it had filed preliminary documents for an initial public offering with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). As Danny Nelson reports, it came just hours after bitcoin had burst through $20,000. Nationalizing Stablecoins Won't Improve Financial Access. With his inimitable ability to break down the facts of a complex, confusing issue that has into its core realities, CoinDesk columnist Nic Carter weighs in on the STABLE Act fracas. Carter makes a strong case that the motives behind this legislative attempt to impose banking laws on stablecoin issuers of all description is about state control, not about protecting consumers or promoting financial inclusion.   Crypto Is Booming in Economically Challenged Argentina. With its perennial financial crises, Argentina was always ripe for crypto. It has long been one of the most important centers of crypto innovation. But now, it seems, popular adoption is starting to fire up. Sandali Handagama reports on some impressive recent growth in the country.   CFTC's Latest Crypto Primer Highlights DeFi, Governance. The Commodities and Futures Exchange Commission has long been ahead of its regulatory agency peers in getting its head around technical developments in the cryptocurrency industry. As reported by Nikhilesh De, the CFTC's latest guidance suggests it is continuing with that trend as it offers a useful primer on decentralized finance (DeFi), a sector that would make many other Washington bureaucrats' heads explode. ATTENTION: Scammers have been sending fraudulent emails with links to sites disguised to look like coindesk.com. If you are in doubt about a link, type https://www.coindesk.com directly into your browser; do not copy and paste. Remember, if something seems too good to be true, it probably is. Money Reimagined   A newsletter from CoinDesk   See Previous Editions Copyright © 2020 CoinDesk, All rights reserved.    250 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10003, USA You can manage your preferences here or unsubscribe from all CoinDesk email.